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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Forbs" redirects here. For the former football player, see <a href="Forbs_(footballer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbs (footballer)">Forbs (footballer)</a>.</div>

<p>A <b>forb</b> or <b>phorb</b> is a <a href="Herbaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaceous">herbaceous</a> <a href="Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plant</a> that is not a <a href="Graminoid" title="Graminoid">graminoid</a> (<a href="Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grass</a>, <a href="Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">sedge</a>, or <a href="Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">rush</a>). The term is used in <a href="Botany" title="Botany">botany</a> and in vegetation <a href="Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a> especially in relation to <a href="Grassland" title="Grassland">grasslands</a><sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-60692-024-3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-60692-024-3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Understory" title="Understory">understory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, these are <a href="Eudicots" title="Eudicots">eudicots</a> without woody stems.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div>

<p>The word <i>forb</i> is derived from <a href="Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">phorbḗ</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φορβή</span></span>) '<a href="Pasture" title="Pasture">pasture</a>; <a href="Fodder" title="Fodder">fodder</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-398-06179-3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-398-06179-3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-84356-026-7_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-84356-026-7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hellenic spelling <i>phorb</i> is sometimes used, and in older usage this sometimes includes <a href="Graminid" class="mw-redirect" title="Graminid">graminids</a> and other plants currently not regarded as forbs.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guilds">Guilds</h2></div>

<p>Forbs are members of a <a href="Guild_(ecology)" title="Guild (ecology)">guild</a>—a group of plant species with broadly similar growth forms.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In certain contexts in ecology, guild membership may often be more important than the <a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> relationships between organisms.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_informal_classification">In informal classification</h2></div>

<p>In addition to its use in ecology, the term "forb" may be used for subdividing popular guides to <a href="Wildflower" title="Wildflower">wildflowers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> distinguishing them from other categories such as grasses, sedges, <a href="Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a>, and <a href="Tree" title="Tree">trees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some examples of forbs are <a href="Clover" title="Clover">clovers</a>, <a href="Sunflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflower">sunflowers</a>, <a href="Daylily" title="Daylily">daylilies</a>, and <a href="Asclepias" title="Asclepias">milkweed</a>.

</p><p><b>Forb Adaptation Zones:</b>

<a href="Kale" title="Kale">Kale</a> and <a href="Turnip" title="Turnip">turnip</a> are examples of forb adaptations distributed over much of Europe, southern Oceania, northern Asia, and northern North America. In cooler climates, these crops are grown year-round, while in warmer climates, they are used as winter forage.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p><a href="Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">Linnaean taxonomy</a> <a href="Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> names are given.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

<i>

<a href="Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a>,

<a href="Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a>,

<a href="Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a>,

<a href="Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a>,

<a href="Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a>,

<a href="Asclepiadaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asclepiadaceae">Asclepiadaceae</a>,

<a href="Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a>,

<a href="Balsaminaceae" title="Balsaminaceae">Balsaminaceae</a>,

<a href="Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a>,

<a href="Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a>,

<a href="Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a>,

<a href="Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a>,

<a href="Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a>,

<a href="Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a>,

<a href="Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a>,

<a href="Chenopodiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenopodiaceae">Chenopodiaceae</a>,

<a href="Clusiaceae" title="Clusiaceae">Clusiaceae</a>,

<a href="Convolvulaceae" title="Convolvulaceae">Convolvulaceae</a>,

<a href="Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a>,

<a href="Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a>,

<a href="Cuscutaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuscutaceae">Cuscutaceae</a>,

<a href="Dipsacaceae" title="Dipsacaceae">Dipsacaceae</a>,

<a href="Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a>,

<a href="Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a>,

<a href="Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a>,

<a href="Gentianaceae" title="Gentianaceae">Gentianaceae</a>,

<a href="Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a>,

<a href="Gunneraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunneraceae">Gunneraceae</a>,

<a href="Haloragaceae" title="Haloragaceae">Haloragaceae</a>,

<a href="Hydrophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophyllaceae">Hydrophyllaceae</a>,

<a href="Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a>,

<a href="Lentibulariaceae" title="Lentibulariaceae">Lentibulariaceae</a>,

<a href="Limnanthaceae" title="Limnanthaceae">Limnanthaceae</a>,

<a href="Linaceae" title="Linaceae">Linaceae</a>,

<a href="Lythraceae" title="Lythraceae">Lythraceae</a>,

<a href="Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a>,

<a href="Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a>,

<a href="Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a>,

<a href="Onagraceae" title="Onagraceae">Onagraceae</a>,

<a href="Orobanchaceae" title="Orobanchaceae">Orobanchaceae</a>,

<a href="Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a>,

<a href="Papaveraceae" title="Papaveraceae">Papaveraceae</a>,

<a href="Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a>,

<a href="Plantaginaceae" title="Plantaginaceae">Plantaginaceae</a>,

<a href="Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a>,

<a href="Polemoniaceae" title="Polemoniaceae">Polemoniaceae</a>,

<a href="Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a>,

<a href="Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a>,

<a href="Primulaceae" title="Primulaceae">Primulaceae</a>,

<a href="Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a>,

<a href="Resedaceae" title="Resedaceae">Resedaceae</a>,

<a href="Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a>,

<a href="Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a>,

<a href="Scrophulariaceae" title="Scrophulariaceae">Scrophulariaceae</a>,

<a href="Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a>,

<a href="Thymelaeaceae" title="Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a>,

<a href="Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a>,

<a href="Valerianaceae" title="Valerianaceae">Valerianaceae</a>,

<a href="Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a>,

<a href="Violaceae" title="Violaceae">Violaceae</a>,

<a href="Zygophyllaceae" title="Zygophyllaceae">Zygophyllaceae</a>

</i>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Dicotyledon" title="Dicotyledon">Dicotyledon</a> – Historical grouping of flowering plants</li>

<li><a href="Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">Herbaceous plant</a> – Plant that has no persistent woody stem above ground</li>

<li><a href="Overgrazing" title="Overgrazing">Overgrazing</a> – When plants are grazed for extended periods without sufficient recovery time</li>

<li><a href="Tapestry_lawn" title="Tapestry lawn">Tapestry lawn</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFSchröder,_Hans2009" class="citation book cs1">Schröder, Hans (2009). <i>Grasslands: Ecology, Management and Restoration</i>. Commack, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-60692-024-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308061955/https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/plantmaterials/newsroom/feature/?cid=stelprdb1044923">"Native Understory Forbs and Grasses"</a>. <i>www.nrcs.usda.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/plantmaterials/newsroom/feature/?cid=stelprdb1044923">the original</a> on 2022-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-02</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-isbn0-398-06179-3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-398-06179-3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJaeger,_Edmund_C.1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Edmund_Jaeger" title="Edmund Jaeger">Jaeger, Edmund C.</a> (1959). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sourcebookofbiol0000jaeg"><i>A source-book of biological names and terms</i></a></span>. Springfield, Ill: Thomas. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-398-06179-3</bdi>.</cite> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-isbn1-84356-026-7-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-84356-026-7_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFScott,_Robert_PickettHenry,_George2007" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Robert Pickett; Henry, George (2007). <i>Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon, Abridged: Original Edition, republished in larger and clearer typeface</i>. Simon Wallenburg Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-84356-026-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRoxburgh1994" class="citation journal cs1">Roxburgh, Stephen (1994). "A Demonstration of Guild Based Assembly Rules for a Plant Community and Determination of Intrinsic Guilds". <i>Oikos</i>. <b>69</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">267–</span>276. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994Oikos..69..267W">1994Oikos..69..267W</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3546147">10.2307/3546147</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3546147">3546147</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://graniteseed.com/seed/wildflowers-forbs/">"Wildflower seeds and forbs"</a>. <i>graniteseed.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-02</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/plantid/differences">"Describe the major differences between the plant families used as forages"</a>. <i>Forage Information System</i>. 2009-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-02</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/herbs.cfm">"Invasive Plant Atlas"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 Sep</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> <a href="Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">Natural Resources Conservation Service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.usda.gov/growth_habits_def.html">link</a> to <a href="Growth_habit" class="mw-redirect" title="Growth habit">Growth habits</a> Codes and Definitions.</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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